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Spearman correlation

§2.8
Rev 4.6 · reviewed Feb 2026
Spearman correlation
Rank-based correlation — the nonparametric partner of Pearson. Captures any monotonic (consistently increasing/decreasing) relationship, and resists outliers. Paste x and y in the same order.
Source formula: Spearman C. Am J Psychol 1904;15:72–101.
x values
y values
Pairs (n)8
Spearman ρ0.929
* Spearman C. Am J Psychol 1904;15:72–101.
Two-sided p
< 0.001▲
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ρ = 0.93 indicates a strong positive monotonic association. Unlike Pearson, it doesn't require a straight-line relationship — only a consistent direction.
Understand what this is measuring